Graphics Pipeline:
Lighting in 3d modelling is the finished rendered version of the 3D object(s). Lighting is important as it can change the way a game is played and what sort of mood a game developer wants the players to be in. Horror games would have much darker and 'eerie' settings whereas an adventure game aimed at younger audiences would have a lot of bright light and colours but it really depends on the mood and setting of a game and its world.
Viewing is when you look at the 3D shape you have made or are currently making. This would be done to check if it looks right and making sure it is going in the right direction so you don't really waste your time.
Projection
Clipping is when enable or disable rendering for a certain shape or shapes. This would mainly be done to stop lag and improve performance. Not everything has to be rendered at once as it is a tough job for a computer depending on how much needs to be rendered and to what extent. It is visible in games when you walk over a hill and it takes a few seconds for the textures and quality of certain objects to become normal. It really depends on how good your platform is (XBOX, Playstation, PC, etc.) and there are usually some sort of settings you can change to how far you want your render distance or something.
Viewport transformation is
Scan conversion is
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